Nederlands-Indië in foto's, 1860-1940
Photography in the Dutch East Indies
The commercial photographers who started working in the Dutch East Indies from 1845 led a nomadic existence. They would set up a studio in a large town or hotel or at the home of an acquaintance, advertise in the local paper and take a photograph of anybody who had money to spare for that purpose. After a couple of weeks or months when the market had become saturated, they moved on to the next town. Among these pioneers were the two young Englishmen Walter Bentley Woodbury and James Page. From 1857 to 1908 Woodbury & Page was a leading firm in the photography sector in the Dutch East Indies.
Primarily, the commercial photographers took portraits of people, more particularly of prominent individuals. In addition, they sold topographic photos, i.e. pictures of important buildings, streets, volcanoes or agricultural enterprises. Pictures of the various population types in the colony also formed part of their repertoire. The topographic photos were chiefly sold as ‘souvenirs’.
During the last decades of the nineteenth century, the photographers’ wanderings came to an end. At that time, every large town had one or more permanently established photographers. The Surabayan photographers Onnes Kurkdjian and Herman Salzwedel and the Javan, Kassian Cephas (who worked in Yogyakarta) were famous names at the time.
The heyday of commercial photography was over by the beginning of the twentieth century and the role it played in forming an image of the Dutch East Indies diminished noticeably. There were two reasons for this. The introduction of the picture postcard brought an end to the market for topographic photos. And then, thanks to the many technical improvements, photography had essentially become the domain of amateurs: now everybody could make his or her own ‘souvenirs’.
Make a sentimental journey with the Willem Ruys of the Royal Rotterdam Lloyd to the Dutch East Indies :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBqIEJlAecUWalter B. WoodburyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Walter Bentley Woodbury (
26 June 1834 to
5 September 1885) was an inventor and pioneering
British photographer. He was one of the earliest photographers in
Australia and the
Dutch East Indies (now part of
Indonesia). He also patented numerous inventions relating to various aspects of photography, his best known innovation being the
Woodburytype photomechanical process.
Early yearsWalter B. Woodbury was born in
Manchester,
England on
26 June 1834.
[1] As a student of a civil engineer in Manchester, he constructed his own
camera obscuras from cigar boxes and eyeglass lenses.
[2]In 1851 Woodbury, who had already become a professional photographer, went to Australia and soon found work in the engineering department of the
Melbourne waterworks. He photographed the construction of ducts and other waterworks as well as various buildings in Melbourne. He received a medal for is photography in 1854.
[3]At some point in the mid-1850s Woodbury met expatriate British photographer
James Page. In 1857 the two left Melbourne and moved to Batavia (now
Jakarta), Dutch East Indies, arriving
18 May 1857, and established the partnership of
Woodbury & Page that same year.
[4]In Java
During most of 1858 Woodbury & Page photographed in Central and East
Java, producing large views of the ruined temples near
Surakarta, amongst other subjects, before 1 September of that year
[5]. After their tour of Java, by 8 December 1858 Woodbury and Page had returned to Batavia
[6].
In 1859 Woodbury returned to England to arrange a regular supplier of photographic materials for his
photographic studio and he contracted the
London firm
Negretti and Zambra to market Woodbury & Page photographs in England
[7].
Woodbury returned to Java in 1860 and during most of that year travelled with Page through Central and West Java along with Walter's brother, Henry James Woodbury (born 1836 – died 1873), who had arrived in Batavia in April 1859
[8].
On 18 March 1861 Woodbury & Page moved to new premises, also in Batavia, and the studio was renamed Photographisch Atelier van Walter Woodbury, also known as Atelier Woodbury. The firm sold portraits, views of Java,
stereographs, cameras, lenses, photographic chemicals and other photographic supplies. These premises continued to be used by the firm until 1908, when it was dissolved
[9].
Return to England
In late January or early February 1863, Woodbury left Java to return to England, because of ill health.
[10]Having returned to England, Woodbury invented the
Woodburytype photomechanical reproduction process, which he patented in 1864.
[11] Between 1864 and 1885 Woodbury took out more than 30 patents in Britain and abroad for inventions relating to
balloon photography,
transparencies, sensitized films and improvements in optical lanterns and
stereoscopy.
[12] In addition to his inventions, Woodbury produced photographs documenting London's poor.
[13]In 1865 his Woodburytype process was bought by the Photo Relief Company, then bought by the Woodbury Permanent Photographic Printing Company and then bought by a succession of other companies in Britain and elsewhere.
[14]Walter B. Woodbury died on
5 September 1885.
[15]In his career Woodbury produced topographic, ethnographic and especially portrait photographs. He photographed in Australia, Java,
Sumatra,
Borneo and London.
[16] Although individual photographers were rarely identified on Woodbury & Page photographs, between 1861 and 1862 Walter B. Woodbury occasionally stamped the mounts of his photographs: "Photographed by Walter Woodbury, Java".
[17]Notes
^ Anglo-American Name Authority File.
^ Auer and Auer.
^ Auer and Auer; Browne and Partnow, 676-677.
^ Merrillees, 256, 258. Bloom gives the date of their arrival in Batavia as the Fall of 1856 (Bloom, 29).
^ Merrillees, 256.
^ Merrillees, 256-257.
^ Bloom, 29.
^ Merrillees, 258,
^ Merrillees, 258-260.
^ Merrillees, 260; Ovenden, 35. Bloom gives the date of his return as 1862 (Bloom, 30), Auer and Auer give the date as 1864.
^ Ovenden, 216; Rosenblum, 198; Bloom, 30. Auer and Auer give the date 1866.
^ Auer and Auer; Browne and Partnow, 677.
^ Browne and Partnow, 677.
^ Auer and Auer.
^ Merrillees, 260.
^ Edwards, 581; Merrillees, 260; Browne and Partnow, 677.
^ Merrillees, 260
References
Anglo-American Name Authority File, s.v. "Woodbury, Walter B. (Walter Bentley), 1834-1885", LC Control Number no 2003087165. Accessed 20 May 2004.
Auer, Michèle, and Michel Auer. Encyclopédie internationale des photographes de 1839 à nos jours/Photographers Encyclopaedia International 1839 to the Present (Hermance: Editions Camera Obscura, 1985).
Bloom, John. "Woodbury and Page: Photographers of the Old Order". In Toward Independence: A Century of Indonesia Photographed (San Francisco: The Friends of Photography, 1991), 29-30.
Browne, Turner, and Elaine Partnow. Macmillan Biographical Encyclopedia of Photographic Artists & Innovators (New York: Macmillan, 1983), 676-677.
Canadian Centre for Architecture; Collections Online, s.v. "Woodbury, Walter B.". Accessed 28 September 2006.
Edwards, Gary. International Guide to Nineteenth-Century Photographers and Their Works (Boston: G.K. Hall, 1988), 581-582.
Gernsheim, Helmut. The Rise of Photography: 1850-1880: The Age of Collodion (London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1988), 263-264.
Leo Haks, Indonesian Art & Photography, s.v. "Woodbury & Page". Accessed 28 September 2006.
Merrillees, Scott. Batavia in Nineteenth Century Photographs (Richmond, England: Curzon Press, 2000), 256-260.
Ovenden, Richard. John Thomson (1837-1921): Photographer (Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, The Stationary Office, 1997), 35-36, 216.
Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography (New York: Abbeville Press, 1984), 34, 197-198.
Union List of Artist Names, s.v. "Woodbury, Walter Bentley". Accessed 28 September 2006.
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